Underwater Detection, Classification and Tracking Using Wideband Sonar
نویسندگان
چکیده
The Ocean Systems Laboratory is developing bio-inspired wideband acoustic sensing methods for underwater target detection and tracking. In this paper we explore what we expect to gain from wideband sonar used alone or in combination with ubiquitous sidescan and forward-look imaging sonars. The wideband sensors themselves are based on bottlenose dolphin sonar, covering a frequency band from around 30kHz to 150kHz and having a frequency dependent beamwidth considerably larger than conventional imaging sonars. The entire system is relatively compact and is suitable for mounting on a variety of platforms including small scale autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). In contrast to high resolution image processing techniques which we might apply to sidescan or forward-look sonar returns, detection and classification in the wideband system are based on pattern recognition methods applied to the echo spectra. We demonstrate the principles using example returns from multiaspect data for a range of natural and manmade target types and further responses for a variety of underwater cables measured in free water and against fine and coarse sediments. These show how features extracted directly from the echo spectra can be integrated over multiple pings in a hidden Markov model (HMM) framework to provide discrimination capability between targets and to provide further information such as estimates of surface roughness or target orientation relative to the sonar platform.
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